Example | Example | <cda:ClinicalDocument xsi:schemaLocation="urn:hl7-org:v3 CDA.xsd"> <!-- ******************************************************** CDA Header ******************************************************** --> <cda:typeId root="2.16.840.1.113883.1.3" extension="POCD_HD000040"/> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20"/> <cda:id extension="c266" root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.1"/> <cda:code code="51969-4" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Genetic analysis summary report"/> <cda:title>Hearing Loss: Connexin 26 and 30 Full Gene Sequencing Panel Test Report</cda:title> <cda:effectiveTime value="20100809"/> <cda:confidentialityCode code="R" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.5.25"/> <cda:languageCode code="en-US"/> <cda:setId extension="BB35" root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.7"/> <cda:versionNumber value="1"/> <cda:recordTarget> <cda:patientRole> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.2" extension="123456789"/> <cda:patient> <cda:name use="L"> <cda:given>John</cda:given> <cda:given>Q.</cda:given> <cda:family>Doe</cda:family> </cda:name> <cda:administrativeGenderCode code="M" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.5.1" codeSystemName="AdministrativeGender" displayName="Male"/> <cda:birthTime value="19470505"/> </cda:patient> <cda:providerOrganization> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.3.2409"/> <cda:name>The New Hospital</cda:name> </cda:providerOrganization> </cda:patientRole> </cda:recordTarget> <cda:author> <!-- AUT = the report writer --> <cda:functionCode code="AUT" displayName="author (originator)"/> <cda:time/> <cda:assignedAuthor> <!-- id identifies the person in that role within the organization --> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.3.2409.123" extension="author123"/> <!-- the code GEN will be proposed to be added to the HL7 RoleCode vocabulry representing a Geneticist--> <cda:code code="GEN" displayName="Geneticist" nullFlavor="OTH"/> <cda:assignedPerson> <cda:name>Jean Geome</cda:name> </cda:assignedPerson> <cda:representedOrganization> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.3.2409" extension="2DD1005307"/> </cda:representedOrganization> </cda:assignedAuthor> </cda:author> <!-- custodian is the legal record keeper for this document--> <cda:custodian> <cda:assignedCustodian> <cda:representedCustodianOrganization> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.3.2409"/> </cda:representedCustodianOrganization> </cda:assignedCustodian> </cda:custodian> <!-- even if the legal authenticator is the same person as the author, it needs the construct below which also has the signature code element--> <cda:legalAuthenticator> <cda:time value="20060212"/> <cda:signatureCode code="S"/> <cda:assignedEntity> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.3.2409.123" extension="ABCD191928-1" displayable="true"/> <cda:code code="AUT" displayName="Author"/> <cda:assignedPerson> <cda:name>Jean Legal Genome</cda:name> </cda:assignedPerson> <cda:representedOrganization> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.3.2409.123" extension="2DD1005307" displayable="true"/> <cda:name>The New Genetic Testing Laboratory of the New Hospital</cda:name> </cda:representedOrganization> </cda:assignedEntity> </cda:legalAuthenticator> <!-- the "documentationOf" element is a pointer to the 'genetic testing service' which this document summarizes; The id attribute can hold for example the genetic lab accesssion number --> <cda:documentationOf> <cda:serviceEvent> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.3.2409" extension="ABCD-1234"/> <cda:performer typeCode="PRF"> <cda:assignedEntity> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.3.2409.123"/> <cda:representedOrganization> <cda:name>The New Genetic Testing Laboratory the New Hospital</cda:name> </cda:representedOrganization> </cda:assignedEntity> </cda:performer> </cda:serviceEvent> </cda:documentationOf> <!-- ******************************************************** CDA Body ******************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:structuredBody> <!-- ******************************************************************** Summary Section ******************************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.1"/> <cda:title>Summary</cda:title> <!-- ******************************************************************** Indications Section ******************************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.11"/> <cda:title>Indications</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content ID="a2">Indication: Profound sensorineural hearing loss</cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> <cda:entry> <cda:observation classCode="COND" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.3.3.1"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.2.1"/> <cda:code code="51967-8" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Genetic disease assessed"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="85571008" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.96" codeSystemName="SNOMED-CT" displayName="Sensory Hearing Loss"> <cda:originalText> <cda:reference value="#a2"/> </cda:originalText> </cda:value> <!-- the following reference could point to the full description of the disease if residing in the patient records --> <cda:reference typeCode="XCRPT"> <cda:externalObservation> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.1.2765"/> </cda:externalObservation> </cda:reference> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ******************************************************************** Summary of Tests Performed ******************************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.1.6"/> <cda:title>Summary of Tests Performed</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content ID="a1"> GJB2 Full Gene Test </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content ID="a5"> GJB6-D13S1830 deletion </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content ID="a3"> Mitochondrial Hearing Loss Mutation Test </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ************************************** Overall Interpretation section ************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.1.1"/> <cda:title>Overall Interpretation</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content styleCode="Bold">Inconclusive.</cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> DNA sequencing detected two changes in the GJB2 gene, 79G>A (V27I) and 109G>A (V37I). The V27I change has been reported as a benign variant (references) and is not believed to cause hearing loss. The V37I mutation has been previously reported in patients with hearing loss. This mutation, in homozygosity or combined with another GJB2 disease causing mutation, typically results in a mild to moderate hearing loss (Cryns et al. 2005). Mutations in both copies of the GJB2 gene are necessary to assume that GJB2 is responsible for the hearing loss. Although two mutations were identified in this patient, we would assume that the combination of a benign variant and a mild pathogenic mutation would result in a mild to moderate hearing loss rather than a moderately-severe one, as in this patient. It is most likely that the hearing loss in this patient is the result of the V37I mutation and an unknown second pathogenic mutation. It should be noted that a second mutation is not identified in a large percentage (10-50%) of patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss and GJB2 mutations (del Castillo et al. 2003). </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> GJB6-D13S1830 Deletion: A PCR-based analysis of the GJB6-D13S1830 region of chromosome 13 was performed and did not detect the deletion. This test does not assess the DNA sequence of the GJB6 gene or detect other mutations that could affect the expression of the gene. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Mitochondrial Hearing Loss mutations: Targeted bidirectional sequencing of mitochondrial DNA 1555 and 7445 regions did not detect the presence of these mutations. </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> <cda:entry> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.4"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.1.2"/> <cda:code code="55232-3" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Genetic analysis summary panel"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <!-- Genomic observation battery (references only) --> <cda:organizer classCode="BATTERY" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.5.1"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:component> <!-- reference to the actual finding--> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.8.1"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:component> <cda:component> <!-- reference to the actual finding--> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.8.2"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:component> <cda:component> <!-- reference to the actual finding--> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.8.3"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:component> <cda:component> <!-- reference to the actual finding--> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.8.4"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:component> </cda:organizer> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="RSON"> <cda:observation classCode="COND" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.2.1"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SPRT"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="DEF"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.5.5"/> <cda:code code="51968-6" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Genetic disease analysis overall interpretation"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:effectiveTime value="200512011500"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA9663-1" displayName="Inconclusive"/> <!-- this is an example of how it is possible to override the header performer with a different performer, in this case of the analysis that led to the overall interpretation--> <cda:performer typeCode="PRF"> <cda:assignedEntity> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.19.3.2409.345"/> <cda:representedOrganization> <cda:name>The New Genetic Testing Analysis Service</cda:name> </cda:representedOrganization> </cda:assignedEntity> </cda:performer> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ******************************************************** Recommendations section ******************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.1.5"/> <cda:title>Recommendations</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> Although some cases may represent a coincidental carrier state, all of the studies have concluded that there are likely to be other genetic mutations that have not yet been identified. Genetic counseling is recommended for this patient and his/her family members. </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ******************************************************************** Specimen Section ******************************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.7"/> <cda:title>Specimen and Genomic Source Class</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item>Peripheral Blood</cda:item> <cda:item>Genomic source class: Germline</cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> <cda:entry> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.3.2"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.3.7"/> <cda:code code="48002-0" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Genomic source class"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6683-2" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Germline"/> <cda:specimen> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.3.1"/> <cda:specimenRole> <cda:specimenPlayingEntity> <cda:code code="180796014" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.96" codeSystemName="SNOMED-CT" displayName="Peripheral blood specimen"/> </cda:specimenPlayingEntity> </cda:specimenRole> </cda:specimen> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> </cda:section> </cda:component> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ******************************************************************** Genetic Variations Section: Connexin 26 Full Gene Test ******************************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.8"/> <cda:title>Genetic Variations</cda:title> <!-- Structured representation of: Homozygous 109G>A (V37I), Exon 2, GJB2, Pathogenic --> <cda:entry> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.8.1"/> <cda:code code="55208-3" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="DNA Analysis Discrete Sequence Variant Panel"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:effectiveTime value="200512011500"/> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <!-- a reference observation pointing to the structured entries within the Specimen section, representing the genomic source class and specimen--> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.3.7"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.5"/> <cda:code code="48018-6" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Gene Identifier"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="GJB2" codeSystemName="HGNC"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.8"/> <cda:code code="48013-7" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Genomic Reference Sequence Identifier"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="NC_000013.10" codeSystem="REFSEQ" codeSystemName="NCBI Reference Sequence"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.6"/> <cda:code code="51958-7" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Transcript Reference Sequence Identifier"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="NM_004004.5" codeSystem="REFSEQ" codeSystemName="NCBI Reference Sequence"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.7"/> <cda:code code="48003-8" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="DNA Sequence Variation Identifier"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="rs72474224" codeSystemName="dbSNP"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.2"/> <cda:code code="48004-6" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="DNA Sequence Variation"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="109G>A" codeSystemName="HGVS nomenclature for the description of sequence variations"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.2.1"/> <cda:code code="48019-4" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="DNA Sequence Variation Type"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6690-7" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Substitution"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.1"/> <cda:code code="48005-3" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Amino Acid Change"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="Val37Ile"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.1.1"/> <cda:code code="48006-1" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Amino acid change type"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6698-0" displayName="Missense"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.3"/> <cda:code code="47999-8" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="DNA Region Name"/> <cda:value xsi:type="ST">Exon 2</cda:value> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1.4"/> <cda:code code="53034-5" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName=" Allelic State"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6705-3" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Homozygous"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <!-- pointing to the indication of performing this variation testing--> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="RSON"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.2.1"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <!-- interpretation of the variation observation (should consider if MFST=manifistation as the code here) --> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SPRT"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="DEF"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.5.3"/> <cda:code code="53037-8" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Genetic disease sequence variation interpretation"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6668-3" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Pathogenic"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> <!-- Structured representation of: Heterozygous 79G>A (V27I), Exon 2, GJB2, Benign--> <cda:entry> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.8.2"/> <cda:code code="55208-3" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName=" DNA Analysis Discrete Sequence Variant Panel"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:effectiveTime value="200512011500"/> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <!-- a reference observation pointing to the structured entries within the Specimen section, representing the genomic source class and specimen--> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.3.7"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="48018-6" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Gene Identifier"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="GJB2" codeSystemName="HUGO"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="51958-7" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Transcript Reference Sequence Identifier"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="NM_004004.5" codeSystem="REFSEQ" codeSystemName="NCBI Reference Sequence"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="48003-8" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="DNA Sequence Variation Identifier"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="rs2274084" codeSystemName="dbSNP"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="48004-6" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="DNA Sequence Variation"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="79G>A" codeSystemName="HGVS nomenclature for the description of sequence variations"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="48019-4" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="DNA Sequence Variation Type"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6690-7" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Substitution"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="48005-3" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Amino Acid Change"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="Val27Ile"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="48006-1" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Amino acid change type"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6698-0" displayName="Missense"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="47999-8" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="DNA Region Name"/> <cda:value xsi:type="ST">Exon 2</cda:value> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="53034-5" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName=" Allelic State"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6706-1" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Heterozygous"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <!-- pointing to the indication of performing this variation testing--> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="RSON"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.2.1"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <!-- interpretation of the variation observation--> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SPRT"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="DEF"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.5.3"/> <cda:code code="53037-8" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Genetic disease sequence variation interpretation"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6675-8" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Benign"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.10"/> <cda:title>Tests Performed</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> GJB2 Full Gene Test </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> <cda:entry> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.3.4"/> <cda:code displayName="Test Performed"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:effectiveTime value="200512011500"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="CX26FULL" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Connexin 26 Full Gene Test"> <!-- the original text allows us to point back to the narrative (any specific piece of it using the nesting content element as an anchor) --> <cda:originalText> <cda:reference value="#a1"/> </cda:originalText> </cda:value> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="RSON"> <cda:observation classCode="COND" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <!-- a reference observation pointing to the indication for the test--> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.2.1"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> </cda:section> </cda:component> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.12"/> <cda:title>Findings</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> DNA MUTATIONS: Heterozygous 109G>A (V37I), Exon 2, GJB2 </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> INCIDENTAL VARIANTS: Heterozygous 79G>A (V27I), Exon 2, GJB2 </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.13"/> <cda:title>Interpretation</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content>Mutations interpretation</cda:content> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content>V37I - Pathogenic</cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content>V27I - Benign</cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Details: DNA sequencing detected two mutations in the GJB2 gene, 79G>A (V27I) and 109G>A (V37I). The V27I mutation has been reported as a benign variant (references) and is not believed to cause hearing loss. The V37I mutation has been previously reported in patients with hearing loss. This mutation, in homozygosity or combined with another GJB2 disease causing mutation, typically results in a mild to moderate hearing loss (Cryns et al. 2005). Mutations in both copies of the GJB2 gene are necessary to assume that GJB2 is responsible for the hearing loss. Although two mutations were identified in this patient, we would assume that the combination of a benign variant and a mild pathogenic mutation would result in a mild to moderate hearing loss rather than a moderately-severe one, as in this patient. It is most likely that the hearing loss in this patient is the result of the V37I mutation and an unknown second pathogenic mutation. It should be noted that a second mutation is not identified in a large percentage (10-50%) of patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss and GJB2 mutations (del Castillo et al. 2003). </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ******************************************************************** Genetic Variations Section: Connexin 30 Deletion Test ******************************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.2"/> <cda:title>Genetic Variations</cda:title> <cda:entry> <!-- The core genomic observation (the 'finding')--> <cda:observation classCode="COND" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.8.3"/> <cda:code code="51959-5" displayName="DNA region of interest"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:effectiveTime value="200512011500"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="GJB6-D13S1830"/> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <!-- a reference observation pointing to the structured entries within the Specimen section, representing the genomic source class and specimen--> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.3.7"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="COMP"> <!-- negationInd is set to "true" to signify that the deletion of the DNA region at stake was not found--> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN" negationInd="true"> <cda:code code="48019-4" displayName="DNA Sequence Variation type"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="LA6692-3" displayName="Deletion"/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="RSON"> <cda:observation classCode="COND" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <!-- a reference observation pointing to the indication for the test--> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.2.1"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.10"/> <cda:title>Tests Performed</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> GJB6-D13S1830 Deletion Test </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> <cda:entry> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.3.4"/> <cda:code displayName="Test Performed"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:effectiveTime value="200512011500"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="TBD" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="Connexin 30 Deletion Test"> <!-- the original text allows us to point back to the narrative (any specific piece of it using the nesting content element as an anchor) --> <cda:originalText> <cda:reference value="#a5"/> </cda:originalText> </cda:value> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> </cda:section> </cda:component> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.12"/> <cda:title>Findings</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> Negative </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.13"/> <cda:title>Interpretation</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> GJB6-D13S1830 Deletion: A PCR-based analysis of the GJB6- D13S1830 region of chromosome 13 was performed and did not detect the deletion. This test does not assess the DNA sequence of the GJB6 gene or detect other mutations that could affect the expression of the gene. </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ******************************************************************************* Genetic Variations Section: Mitochondrial Hearing Loss Genes Test ******************************************************************************* --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.2"/> <cda:title>Genetic Variations</cda:title> <cda:entry> <!-- The core genomic observation (the 'finding')--> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.2.1"/> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.8.4"/> <cda:code code="48018-6" displayName="Gene identifier"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:effectiveTime value="200512011500"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="MTTS1"/> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="COMP"> <!-- no mutations were found--> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN" negationInd="true"> <cda:code code="48004-6" codeSystemName="LOINC" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="DNA Sequence Variation"/> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <!-- a reference observation pointing to the structured entries within the Specimen section, representing the genomic source class and specimen--> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.3.7"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> <cda:entry> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:code code="48018-6" displayName="Gene identifier"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:effectiveTime value="200512011500"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="MTRNR1"/> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="COMP"> <!-- no mutations were found--> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN" negationInd="true"> <cda:code code="48004-6" codeSystemName="LOINC" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" displayName="DNA Sequence Variation"/> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="SUBJ"> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <!-- a reference observation pointing to the structured entries within the Specimen section, representing the genomic source class and specimen--> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.3.7"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.10"/> <cda:title>Tests Performed</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> Mitochondrial Hearing Loss Genes Test </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> <cda:entry> <cda:observation classCode="OBS" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.3.4"/> <cda:code displayName="Test Performed"/> <cda:statusCode code="completed"/> <cda:effectiveTime value="200512011500"/> <cda:value xsi:type="CD" code="TBD" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" codeSystemName="LOINC" displayName="MTTS1 and MTRNR1 Genes Test"> <!-- the original text allows us to point back to the narrative (any specific piece of it using the nesting content element as an anchor) --> <cda:originalText> <cda:reference value="#a3"/> </cda:originalText> </cda:value> <cda:entryRelationship typeCode="RSON"> <cda:observation classCode="COND" moodCode="EVN"> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.6"/> <!-- a reference observation pointing to the indication for the test--> <cda:id root="2.16.840.1.113883.18.12.7.30.9.2.1"/> <cda:code/> </cda:observation> </cda:entryRelationship> </cda:observation> </cda:entry> </cda:section> </cda:component> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.12"/> <cda:title>Findings</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> Negative </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.13"/> <cda:title>Interpretation</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> DNA sequencing did not detect the presence of any mutations in the MTTS1 and MTRNR1 genes. </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ******************************************************** Test Information section ******************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.9"/> <cda:title>Test Information</cda:title> <!-- ******************************************************** Background section ******************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.9.1"/> <cda:title>Background</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> Mutations in the GJB2 (connexin 26) gene are the most common cause of non syndromic hearing loss and are most often seen in a person with hearing loss that was found in early childhood without any other medical problems. The severity of the hearing loss can range from mild to profound. The inheritance pattern is usually autosomal recessive, requiring two mutations, one in each copy of the gene, to cause hearing loss. The GJB6- D13S1830 deletion removes most of the GJB6 gene, which encodes the connexin 30 protein (Cx30). This deletion, when present in two copies or when combined with a single connexin 26 mutation, causes hearing loss. Although the frequency of mitochondrial hearing loss is unknown, studies suggest that mitochondrial mutations play an important role in inherited and acquired hearing impairment. </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ******************************************************** Methodology section ******************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.9.2"/> <cda:title>Methodology</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> Exon 1 and the coding region of exon 2 of the connexin 26 (GJB2) gene are amplified using flanking primer sets. PCR products are sequenced using an ABI fluorescence automatic DNA sequencer. This test does not detect large deletions or mutations in non-coding regions that could affect gene expression. This assay is greater than 99.9% accurate in detecting mutations in the sequences analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis is performed to detect the presence or absence of a deletion spanning the GJB6-D13S1830 region of chromosome 13. </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> <!-- ******************************************************** References section ******************************************************** --> <cda:component> <cda:section> <cda:templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.20.1.9.3"/> <cda:title>References</cda:title> <cda:text> <cda:list> <cda:item> <cda:content> Azaiez H, Chamberlin GP, Fischer SM, Welp CL, Prasad SD, Taggart RT, del Castillo, I, Van Camp G and Smith RJ. GJB2: the spectrum of deafnesscausing allele variants and their phenotype. Hum Mutat. 2004;24(4): 305-11. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Calvo J, Rabionet R, Gasparini P, Estivill X. Connexins and Deafness Homepage. http://www.crg.es/deafness. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> del Castillo I, Moreno-Pelayo MA, del Castillo FJ, Brownstein Z, Marlin S, Adina Q, Cockburn DJ, Pandya A, Siemering KR, Chamberlin GP, Ballana E, Wuyts W, Maciel-Guerra AT, Alvarez A, Villamar M, Shohat M, Abeliovich D, Dahl HH, Estivill X, Gasparini P, Hutchin T, Nance WE, Sartorato EL, Smith RJ, Van Camp G, Avraham KB, Petit C. and Moreno F. Prevalence and evolutionary origins of the del(GJB6-D13S1830) mutation in the DFNB1 locus in hearing-impaired subjects: a multicenter study. Am J Hum Genet. 2003;73: 1452-1458. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Kelley PM, Harris DJ, Comer BC, Askew JW, Fowler T, Smith SD, Kimberling WJ. Novel mutations in the connexin 26 gene (GJB2) that cause autosomal recessive (DFNB1) hearing loss. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;62(4):792-9. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Kenna MA, Wu BL, Cotanche DA, Korf BR, Rehm HL. Connexin 26 studies in patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Sep;127(9):1037-42. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Kenneson A, Van Naarden Braun K and Boyle C. GJB2 (connexin 26) variants and nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss: a HuGE review. Genet Med. 2002;4(4): 258-74. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Park HJ, Hahn SH, Chun YM, Park K, Kim HN. Connexin26 mutations associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss. Laryngoscope. 2000 Sep;110(9):1535-8. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Rickard S, Kelsell DP, Sirimana T, Rajput K, MacArdle B, Bitner-Glindzicz M. Recurrent mutations in the deafness gene GJB2 (connexin 26) in British Asian families. J Med Genet. 2001 Aug;38(8):530-3. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Smith RJH, Van Camp G. Nonsyndromic hearing loss and deafness, DFNB1 (Updated March 14, 2005) In: GeneReviews at GeneTests: Medical Genetics Information Resource (database online). http://www.genetests.org. </cda:content> </cda:item> <cda:item> <cda:content> Snoeckx RL, Huygen PLM, Feldmann D, Marlin S, Denoyelle F, Waligora J, Mueller-Malesinska M, Pollak A, Ploski R, Murgia A, Orzan E, Castorina P, Ambrosetti U, Nowakowska-Szyrwinska E, Bal J, Wiszniewski W, Janecke AR, Nekahm-Heis D, Seeman P, Bendova O, Kenna MA, Frangulov A, Rehm HL, Tekin M, Incesulu A, Dahl H-HM, du Sart D, Jenkins L, Lucas D, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Avraham KB, Brownstein Z, del Castillo I, Moreno F, Blin N, Pfister M, Sziklai I, Toth T, Kelley PM, Cohn ES, Maldergem LV, Hilbert P, Roux A-F, Mondain M, Hoefsloot, LH Cremers CWRJ, Löppönen T, Löppönen H, Parving A, Gronskov K, Schrijver I, Roberson J, Gualandi F, Martini A, Lina-Granade G, Pallares-Ruiz N, Correia C, Fialho G, Cryns K, Hilgert N, Van de Heyning P, Nishimura CJ, Smith RJH, and Van Camp G. A genotype-phenotype correlation for GJB2 (connexin 26) deafness. Am J Med Genet 2005 Dec;77(6):945-57. </cda:content> </cda:item> </cda:list> </cda:text> </cda:section> </cda:component> </cda:section> </cda:component> </cda:structuredBody> </cda:component></cda:ClinicalDocument> |
|
---|