A problem is a clinical statement that a clinician has noted. In health care it is a condition that requires monitoring or diagnostic, therapeutic, or educational action. It also refers to any unmet or partially met basic human need. A Problem Observation is required to be wrapped in an act wrapper in locations such as the Problem Section, Allergies Section, and Hospital Discharge Diagnosis Section, where the type of problem needs to be identified or the condition tracked. A Problem Observation can be a valid “standalone” template instance in cases where a simple problem observation is to be sent. The negationInd attribute, if true, specifies that the problem indicated was observed to not have occurred (which is subtly but importantly different from having not been observed). NegationInd='true' is an acceptable way to make a clinical assertion that something did not occur, for example, “no diabetes”.