| A syndrome of mental retardation/multiple congenital malformations that is caused by the total or partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 10. Around 50 cases have been described in the literature. The anomalies are present at birth. Children are usually dolichocephalic with a high and prominent forehead, contrasting with a small face. Osteoarticular anomalies are frequent, including ligament hyperlaxity, flexion deformations of limbs, and club feet. Cardiac, renal, ocular and bone malformations have been reported. The majority of cases are a result of the malsegregation of a familial balanced translocation. The most frequent break point is located at the level of p11 band, but it can be more distal and result in partial trisomy. |
